Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 3 Articles
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder, which is emerging mental disorder in most of the population. Imbalance in serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmitters is thought to be the major cause of depressive disorder. Pharmacological management of MDD include first generation anti depressants such as Tri Cyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), Mono Amine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs), and second generation antidepressants include Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). In the year 2013 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two drugs for the treatment of MDD, namely levomilnacipran and vortioxetine....
Pregnancy is certainly an enormously emotional time and expectations are high. Women are apt to expect to have a perfect baby, so many are un-realistic about the risks of pregnancy. Drugs play a key role in protecting, maintaining and restoring health, but they are not appropriate alone to provide acceptable healthcare. The study of prescribing pattern is a component of medical audit, which strive for monitoring, evaluation and necessary modifications in the prescribing practices of the prescribers to achieve rational and cost effective medical care. Primarily, concerns were about the teratogenicity of medications. The thalidomide disaster in the 1960s focused attention on specific birth defects. Drugs can affect the pregnancy in adverse ways. For example, drugs can cause hypertension to the mother, hypoxia to the fetus and deplete an essential nutrient. Approximately 2% of all live births are associated with a congenital anomaly and has been estimated that about 5% of these were caused by drugs. The prescription of harmful drugs is more commonly associated with drugs for occasional use rather than for drugs with chronic conditions. The use of drugs during pregnancy and lactation is controversial and presents great challenge to clinicians. There is a need to educate and counsel women of childbearing age, regarding the advantages and disadvantages of drug use during pregnancies, with special reference to alternative therapies and self-medications....
Depressions are a commonly met psychiatric condition in medically ill patients. It is recognized to be accompanying with augmented desires for physicians to accelerate death in medically ill patients and it denotes a main risk factor for suicide in this inhabitants. Prevalence rates of depression among medically ill patients range extensively, depending on diagnostic criteria used and patient population studied. Various studies establish that a preceding history of depression, poor social support, physical infirmity, chronic unrelieved pain and existential apprehensions were all accompanying with depression. Patients with end-stage heart disease are stated to certify prevalence rates of 36% for major depression and 22% for minor depression; while, those with end-stage renal disease have rates of depression between 5% and 25%. Evaluating depression in extremely ill patients can be a task for mental health professionals. Momentous attitudinal obstructions from both clinicians and patients can lead to underneath acknowledgment and beneath treatment of depression. Depression is treated with a multiplicity of diverse therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. Pharmacotherapy comprises first-generation antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and second-generation antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors).Skilled supervision of depression dismisses suffering and it is a fundamental section of the establishment of widespread end-of-life care. Several of these circumstances can certainly control with advanced psychosocial treatments. Physicians who care for failing patients must be proficient in this perilous area of clinical practice....
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